How to Prevent the Next Pandemic by Bill Gates
Author:Bill Gates [Gates, Bill]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
Published: 2022-05-03T00:00:00+00:00
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Letâs continue the hypothetical outbreak example from Chapter 5. Suppose the world wasnât able to contain it in time, and itâs going global, so weâll need to vaccinate billions of people. Several vaccines have made it through the approval and review process and are licensed for use in humans. Now we need to solve a whole other set of problems: How do we make enough of them and distribute the doses so they do the most good?
To give you a sense of how many more doses weâll need to make: The world typically produces 5 to 6 billion doses of vaccines every yearâthatâs counting all childhood vaccinations, flu shots, polio vaccines, and more. If thereâs a huge outbreak, weâll need to make nearly 8 billion doses of a new vaccine (one for just about every person on earth), and maybe as many as 16 billion (if itâs a two-dose vaccine). And we need to do it without backsliding on other lifesaving vaccines. Our goal should be to do it in six months.
And, if youâre a vaccine manufacturer, youâre going to face challenges at each step in the manufacturing process:
In the first stepâproducing the active ingredients that make your vaccine workâyou might need to grow cells or bacteria, infect them with the pathogen you want to stop, and harvest the substances they produce for your vaccine. To do this, youâll need a container called a bioreactorâeither a reusable steel vat or a single-use plastic bag. But the supplies of both are limited. Early in the pandemic, bioreactors were bought up en masse by various companies hoping for an early breakthrough. If you couldnât find toilet paper at the store, you know how they felt.
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